Reinforcement Learning
In reinforcement earning tasks the desired behavior is not known; only sparse feedback on how well the agent is doing is provided. Reinforcement learning techniques include value-function and policy iteration methods (note that although evolutionary computation and neuroevolution can also be seen as reinforcement learning methods, they are listed separately in our area hierarchy). Our research in reinforcement learning includes real-world applications such as packet routing, satellite communication, robot navigation, and sensorimotor embedding.
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Generalization of Agent Behavior through Explicit Representation of Context Cem Tutum, Suhaib Abdulquddos, Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Conference on Games( ), 2021. 2021

Adapting to Unseen Environments through Explicit Representation of Context Cem C Tutum, Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Artificial Life (ALIFE 2020), 581--588, Montreal, Ca... 2020

Effective Reinforcement Learning through Evolutionary Surrogate-Assisted Prescription Olivier Francon, Santiago Gonzalez, Babak Hodjat, Elliot Meyerson, Risto Miikkulainen, Xin Qiu, Horm... In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2020), 2020. 2020

Object-model transfer in the general video game domain Alexander Braylan Masters Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 2... 2019

Hierarchical Policy Design for Sample-Efficient Learning of Robot Table Tennis Through Self-Play Reza Mahjourian PhD Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 2018. 2018

Discovering Gated Recurrent Neural Network Architectures Aditya Rawal PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, 201... 2018

Solving Multiple Isolated, Interleaved, and Blended Tasks through Modular Neuroevolution Jacob Schrum and Risto Miikkulainen Evolutionary Computation, 24(3):459--490, September 2016. MIT Press. 2016

Machines Are Becoming More Creative Than Humans Risto Miikkulainen VentureBeat, 2016/04/03, 2016. 2016

Constructing Game Agents Through Simulated Evolution Jacob Schrum and Risto Miikkulainen In Newton Lee, editors, Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 1--10, 2016. Springer. 2016

Evolving Deep LSTM-based Memory networks using an Information Maximization Objective Aditya Rawal and Risto Miikkulainen To Appear In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2016), Colorado, USA, 201... 2016

Solving Interleaved and Blended Sequential Decision-Making Problems through Modular Neuroevolution Jacob Schrum and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2015), 345--352,... 2015

Sensorimotor Embedding: A Developmental Approach to Learning Geometry Jeremy Stober PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, May 2015... 2015

Evolving Multimodal Behavior With Modular Neural Networks in Ms. Pac-Man Jacob Schrum and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2014), 325--332,... 2014

Evolving Multimodal Behavior Through Modular Multiobjective Neuroevolution Jacob Schrum PhD Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, May 2014. Tech Report TR-14-07. 2014

Evolutionary Feature Evaluation for Online Reinforcement Learning Julian Bishop and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG2013), 267... 2013

Accelerating Evolution via Egalitarian Social Learning Wesley Tansey, Eliana Feasley, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 14th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2012) 2012

Evolution of a Communication Code in Cooperative Tasks Aditya Rawal, Padmini Rajagopalan, Risto Miikkulainen and Kay Holekamp In Artificial Life (13th International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Syste... 2012

Evolving Multimodal Networks for Multitask Games Jacob Schrum and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG 2011), 102... 2011

UT^2: Human-like Behavior via Neuroevolution of Combat Behavior and Replay of Human Traces Jacob Schrum, Igor V. Karpov and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG 2011), 329... 2011

Human-Assisted Neuroevolution Through Shaping, Advice and Examples Igor V. Karpov, Vinod K. Valsalam and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2011) 2011

Evolving Agent Behavior In Multiobjective Domains Using Fitness-Based Shaping Jacob Schrum and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2010), 439--446,... 2010

Neuroevolution Risto Miikkulainen In Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, New York, 2010. Springer. 2010

Learning in Fractured Problems for Constructive Neural Network Algorithms Nate Kohl PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2009. 2009

Evolving Adaptive Intelligence: Using NeuroEvolution with Temporal Difference Methods in the Game Domain Nathaniel Tucker Technical Report HR-09-04, Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin., 2009. 2009

Online Kernel Selection for Bayesian Reinforcement Learning Joseph Reisinger and Peter Stone and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2008. 2008

Competition Between Reinforcement Learning Methods in a Predator-Prey Grid World Jacob Schrum Technical Report AI08-9, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Computer Sciences, Novembe... 2008

Acquiring Evolvability through Adaptive Representations Joseph Reisinger and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceeedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 1045-1052, 2007. 2007

Coevolution of Role-Based Cooperation in Multi-Agent Systems Chern Han Yong and Risto Miikkulainen Technical Report AI07-338, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2007. 2007

Self-Organizing Distinctive State Abstraction Using Options Jefferson Provost, Benjamin J. Kuipers, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Epigenetic Robotics, 2007. 2007

Reinforcement Learning in High-Diameter, Continuous Environments Jefferson Provost PhD Thesis, Computer Sciences Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2007. 2007

Integration and Evaluation of Exploration-Based Learning in Games Igor V. Karpov, Thomas D'Silva, Craig Varrichio, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the {IEEE} Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, Reno, NV, 20... 2006

Bootstrap learning of foundational representations Bootstrap learning of foundational representations %RefShort% 2006

Developing navigation behavior through self-organizing distinctive state abstraction Jefferson Provost, Benjamin J. Kuipers, and Risto Miikkulainen Connection Science, 18:159-172, 2006. 2006

Learning Basic Navigation for Personal Satellite Assistant Using Neuroevolution Yiu Fai Sit and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2005. 2005

Evolving Neural Network Ensembles for Control Problems David Pardoe, Michael Ryoo, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2005. 2005

Real-time Neuroevolution in the NERO Video Game Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, and Risto Miikkulainen IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation:653-668, 2005. IEEE. 2005

Neuroevolution of an Automobile Crash Warning System Kenneth Stanley, Nate Kohl, Rini Sherony, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2005. 2005

Constructing Good Learners Using Evolved Pattern Generators Vinod K. Valsalam, James A. Bednar, and Risto Miikkulainen In H.-G. Beyer and others, editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Confe... 2005

Towards an Empirical Measure of Evolvability Joseph Reisinger, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference {(GECCO2005)} Workshop Program, 257-264, W... 2005

Retaining Learned Behavior During Real-Time Neuroevolution Thomas D'Silva, Roy Janik, Michael Chrien, Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2005. American Association for... 2005

Effective Image Compression Using Evolved Wavelets Uli Grasemann and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2005. 2005

Real-Time Learning in the NERO Video Game Kenneth O. Stanley, Ryan Cornelius, Risto Miikkulainen, Thomas D'Silva, and Aliza Gold In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (A... 2005

Evolving Neural Network Agents in the NERO Video Game Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG'05), P... 2005

Academic AI and Video Games: A Case Study of Incorporating Innovative Academic Research into a Video Game Prototype Aliza Gold In Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG'05), 2... 2005

Incorporating Advice into Evolution of Neural Networks Chern Han Yong, Kenneth O. Stanley, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2005), 2005. Lat... 2005

Evolving a Roving Eye for Go Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2004), Berlin, 2... 2004

Transfer of Neuroevolved Controllers in Unstable Domains Faustino J. Gomez and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Berlin, 2004. Springer... 2004

Evolving Wavelets using a Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm and Lifting Uli Grasemann and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 969-980, San Francisco... 2004

Exploiting Morphological Conventions for Genetic Reuse Kenneth O. Stanley, Joseph Reisinger, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference ({GECCO}-2004) Workshop Pr... 2004

Efficient Evolution of Neural Networks Through Complexification Kenneth O. Stanley PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2004. 2004

Competitive Coevolution through Evolutionary Complexification Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 21:63-100, 2004. 2004

Evolving Reusable Neural Modules Joseph Reisinger, Kenneth O. Stanley, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2004. 2004

Efficient Allele Fitness Assignment with Self-organizing Multi-agent System Adrian Agogino and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2004) Workshop Progr... 2004

Self-Organizing Perceptual and Temporal Abstraction for Robot Reinforcement Learning Jefferson Provost, Benjamin J. Kuipers and Risto Miikkulainen In AAAI-04 Workshop on Learning and Planning in Markov Processes, 2004. 2004

The Constructivist Learning Architecture: A Model of Cognitive Development for Robust Autonomous Robots Harold H. Chaput PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, August 2004. Also Te... 2004

A Taxonomy for Artificial Embryogeny Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen Artificial Life, 9(2):93-130, 2003. 2003

Evolving Adaptive Neural Networks with and Without Adaptive Synapses Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Piscataway, NJ, 2003. IEEE. 2003

Utilizing Domain Knowledge in Neuroevolution James Fan, Raymond Lau, and Risto Miikkulainen Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-03, Was... 2003

Neuroevolution for Adaptive Teams Bobby D. Bryant and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2003), 2194-2201, Pisca... 2003

Robust Non-Linear Control through Neuroevolution Faustino J. Gomez PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2003. 2003

Active Guidance for a Finless Rocket Using Neuroevolution Faustino J. Gomez and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2084-2095, San Francis... 2003

Achieving High-Level Functionality through Evolutionary Complexification Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the AAAI-2003 Spring Symposium on Computational Synthesis, Stanford, CA, 20... 2003

Evolving Neural Networks Through Augmenting Topologies Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen Evolutionary Computation, 10(2):99-127, 2002. 2002

Eugenic Evolution Utilizing A Domain Model Matthew Alden, Aard-Jan van Kesteren, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2002), 279-286, ... 2002

Intelligent Process Control Utilizing Symbiotic Memetic Neuro-Evolution Alex v. E. Conradie, Risto Miikkulainen, and Christiaan Aldrich In Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 6, 2002. 2002

Adaptive Control Utilising Neural Swarming Alex v. E. Conradie, Risto Miikkulainen, and Christiaan Aldrich In William B. Langdon and Erick Cantu-Paz and Keith E. Mathias and Rajkumar Roy and David Davis and... 2002

Numerical Optimization With Neuroevolution Brian Greer, Henri Hakonen, Risto Lahdelma, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 361-401, Piscataway, NJ, 20... 2002

Cultural Enhancement Of Neuroevolution Paul H. McQuesten PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2002. Te... 2002

Continual Coevolution Through Complexification Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen In William B. Langdon and Erick Cantu-Paz and Keith E. Mathias and Rajkumar Roy and David Davis and ... 2002

Efficient Evolution Of Neural Network Topologies Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen In William B. Langdon and Erick Cantu-Paz and Keith E. Mathias and Rajkumar Roy and David Davis and ... 2002

Efficient Reinforcement Learning Through Evolving Neural Network Topologies Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2002), 9, San Fr... 2002

The Dominance Tournament Method of Monitoring Progress in Coevolution Kenneth O. Stanley and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference ({GECCO}-2002) Workshop Pr... 2002

Creating Melodies With Evolving Recurrent Neural Networks Chun-Chi J. Chen and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the {INNS-IEEE} International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2241-22... 2001

A Neuroevolution Method For Dynamic Resource Allocation On A Chip Multiprocessor Faustino J. Gomez, Doug Burger, and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the {INNS-IEEE} International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2355-23... 2001

Co-Evolving A Go-Playing Neural Network Alex Lubberts and Risto Miikkulainen In Coevolution: {T}urning Adaptive Algorithms Upon Themselves, Birds-of-a-Feather Workshop, Gene... 2001

Constrained Emergence Of Universals And Variation In Syllable Systems Melissa A. Redford, Chun Chi Chen, and Risto Miikkulainen Language and Speech:27-56, 2001. Manuscript. 2001

Abrupt And Gradual Sound Change In An Expanding Lexicon Melissa A. Redford and Risto Miikkulainen Technical Report AI01-289, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2001. 2001

Cooperative Coevolution Of Multi-Agent Systems Chern Han Yong and Risto Miikkulainen Technical Report AI07-338, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2001. 2001

Evolving Populations Of Expert Neural Networks Joseph Bruce and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 251-257, San Francisco... 2001

Applying ESP And Region Specialists To Neuro-Evolution For Go Andres Santiago Perez-Bergquist Technical Report TR-01-24, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, 2001. 2001

Online Interactive Neuro-Evolution Adrian Agogino, Kenneth O. Stanley, and Risto Miikkulainen Neural Processing Letters:29-38, 2000. 2000

Neuro-Evolution And Natural Deduction Nirav S. Desai and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of The First {IEEE} Symposium on Combinations of Evolutionary Computation and Neu... 2000

Eugenic Neuro-Evolution For Reinforcement Learning Daniel Polani and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2000), 1041-1046... 2000

Solving Non-Markovian Control Tasks With Neuroevolution Faustino J. Gomez and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1356-1361, S... 1999

Confidence Based Dual Reinforcement Q-Routing: An Adaptive On-Line Routing Algorithm Shailesh Kumar and Risto Miikkulainen In 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99), 758--763, Stock... 1999

Hierarchical Evolution Of Neural Networks David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC98), 428-433, Anc... 1998

Eugenic Evolution For Combinatorial Optimization John W. Prior Masters Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1998. 126. Techn... 1998

Modeling The Emergence Of Syllable Systems Melissa A. Redford, Chun Chi Chen, and Risto Miikkulainen In Morton Ann Gernsbacher and Sharon J. Derry, editors, Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference... 1998

Evolving Neural Networks To Play Go Norman Richards, David Moriarty, and Risto Miikkulainen In Thomas B{"a}ck, editors, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Genetic Algori... 1998

2-D Pole Balancing With Recurrent Evolutionary Networks Faustino Gomez and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN-98), 425-... 1998

Confidence Based Dual Reinforcement Q-Routing: An On-Line Adaptive Network Routing Algorithm Shailesh Kumar Masters Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, the University of Texas at Austin., May 1998. 108. ... 1998

Confidence Based Q-Routing: An On-Line Adaptive Network Routing Algorithm Shailesh Kumar and Risto Miikkulainen C. H. Dagli and M. Akay and O. Ersoy and B. R. Fernandez and A. Smith, editors, Smart Engineering... 1998

Culling And Teaching In Neuro-Evolution Paul McQuesten and Risto Miikkulainen In Thomas B{"a}ck, editors, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Genetic Algori... 1997

Symbiotic Evolution Of Neural Networks In Sequential Decision Tasks David E. Moriarty PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1997. 117. Technical... 1997

Incremental Evolution Of Complex General Behavior Faustino Gomez and Risto Miikkulainen Adaptive Behavior(5):317-342, 1997. 1997

Dual Reinforcement Q-Routing: An On-Line Adaptive Routing Algorithm Shailesh Kumar and Risto Miikkulainen C. H. Dagli, M. Akay, O. Ersoy, B. R. Fernandez and A. Smith, editors, Smart Engineering Systems:... 1997

Forming Neural Networks Through Efficient And Adaptive Coevolution David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen Evolutionary Computation, 5:373--399, 1997. 1997

Evolving Obstacle Avoidance Behavior In A Robot Arm David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen In Pattie Maes and Maja J. Mataric and Jean-Arcady Meyer and Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson, ... 1996

On-Line Adaptation Of A Signal Predistorter Through Dual Reinforcement Learning Patrick Goetz, Shailesh Kumar and Risto Miikkulainen In Lorenza Saitta, editors, Machine Learning: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference (Bari, It... 1996

Efficient Reinforcement Learning Through Symbiotic Evolution David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen In Leslie Pack Kaelbling, editors, Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning(AI94-224), 11-32... 1996

Learning Sequential Decision Tasks David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen Technical Report AI95-229, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1995. 1995

Discovering Complex Othello Strategies Through Evolutionary Neural Networks David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen Connection Science, 7:195--209, 1995. 1995

Evolutionary Neural Networks For Value Ordering In Constraint Satisfaction Problems David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen Technical Report AI94-218, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1994. 1994

Evolving Neural Networks To Focus Minimax Search David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen In Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94), 1371-... 1994

Searle, Subsymbolic Functionalism And Synthetic Intelligence Diane Law Technical Report, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 19... 1994

Grounding Robotic Control With Genetic Neural Networks Diane Law and Risto Miikkulainen Technical Report AI94-223, Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1994. 1994

Using Marker-Based Genetic Encoding Of Neural Networks To Evolve Finite-State Behaviour Brad Fullmer and Risto Miikkulainen In Francisco J. Varela and Paul Bourgine, editors, Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: {P}ro... 1991

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Adrian Agogino Former Collaborator adrian k agogino [at] nasa gov
Julian Bishop Former Ph.D. Student julian [at] cs utexas edu
Igor V. Karpov Masters Alumni ikarpov [at] gmail com
Nate Kohl Ph.D. Alumni nate [at] natekohl net
Shailesh Kumar Masters Alumni
Reza Mahjourian Ph.D. Alumni reza [at] cs utexas edu
Risto Miikkulainen Faculty risto [at] cs utexas edu
Jefferson Provost Ph.D. Alumni jefferson provost [at] gmail com
Joseph Reisinger Former Ph.D. Student joeraii [at] cs utexas edu
Jacob Schrum Ph.D. Alumni schrum2 [at] southwestern edu
Nathaniel Tucker Undergraduate Alumni
Cem C Tutum Former Research Scientist tutum [at] cs utexas edu
Shimon Whiteson Former Collaborator s a whiteson [at] uva nl
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